Reviews in Progress
Following is a list of the progress of all currently active review
questions. If you are interested in carrying out a review yourself,
please consult the contact page.
Status:
P = Primary Reviewer
S= Secondary Reviewer
Triage and emergency conditions
What is the evidence behind giving a blood
transfusion in the treatment of shock? P
What are the optimal routes of benzodiazepines
administration for convulsions (rectal, sublingual or nasal)?P
Diagnostic approach to the sick child
What is the precision of clinical signs to detect
hypoxaemia? P
What clinical signs best identify severe illness
in young infants? S
What is the validity of collecting urine by
non-invasive means for the detection of urinary tract infection in
infants? P
Problems of the neonate and young infant
What are the prognostic indicators in birth
asphyxia? P
What is the appropriate non-surgical management
of NEC? P
What is the evidence for the use of sucrose for
pain relief for procedural pain in neonates? P
Is aminophylline useful in the prevention of
apnoea of prematurity? P
What clinical signs suggest levels of
hyperbilirubinaemia that require phototherapy? P
Evidence for the use of adjuncts in the treatment
of hyperbilirubinaemia? P
Is ceftriaxone more effective than other
antibiotics in ophthalmia neonatorum ? P
What is the appropriate management of the infant
whose mother has tuberculosis? P
What is the evidence for kangaroo mother care of
the VLBW baby? S
Evidence for the use of nystatin prophylaxis in
neonates on antibiotics? P
What is the most appropriate anticonvulsant
therapy in neonates and young infants? P
When should phototherapy be commenced in
hyperbilirubinaemia? P
What clinical signs suggest levels of
hyperbilirubinaemia that require phototherapy? P
Cough or difficulty breathing
Is oral salbutamol efficacious in the management
of acute asthma? P
What is the relative efficacy of inhaled versus
intravenous salbutamol in moderate and severe acute asthma?
P
How common is hypoxaemia in neonates, children
and adults in developing countries P
What is the role of bronchodilators in infants
presenting with wheeze? P
What is the aetiology of pneumonia in 0-5yo?
P
What is the most appropriate empirical therapy
for severe pneumonia in children aged 0-2 months ? P
What clinical criteria identify treatment failure
in pneumonia?
P
When are antibiotics indicated in bronchiolitis?
P
What adjuvant therapies are effective in severe
acute asthma? P
What is the role of corticosteroids in
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)? P
What are the appropriate treatments for croup?
What are the appropriate treatments for measles croup? P
What is the most appropriate non antibiotic
management for pleural effusion or empyema? P
What is the diagnostic precision of gastric
aspirates for tuberculosis in children? P
What is the optimal duration of treatment in
non-disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in children? P
What are the major antituberculous drug
toxicities in children? S
What are the drug interactions between
antituberculous (rifampicin / INH) and antiretrovirals (Nevirapine /
EFV)? P
What is the evidence that BCG vaccination should
not be used in HIV infected children? S
What is the optimal duration of treatment of
pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive children? P
What are the objective outcomes of treatment
success of pulmonary tuberculosis in children? P
What is the evidence DOTS is an effective
treatment strategy for children? P
What is the utility of gamma interferon assays in
diagnosing TB in children? P
Diarrhoea
What is the evidence to support continuing oral
feeding / breastfeeding in acute infectious diarrhoea? P
What are the best clinical indicators of
dehydration in the child with diarrhoea? S
What is the aetiology of persistent diarrhea in
children who are HIV negative? P
What role do antidiarrhoeals have in persistent
diarrhea? P
What role do antidiarrhoeals have in acute
gastroenteritis? P
What antibiotics are appropriate in acute
dysentery? P
what is the most appropiate antibiotic for the
treatment of cholera in children P
What is the most appropriate treatment for
Amoebiasis? P
In children with diarrhoea and dehydration
without shock, is
rehydration using a nasogastric tube as effective as intravenous fluid?
P
Is reduced osmolarity ORS more effective than
standard ORS in acute infectious diarrhoea? P
What are the most appropriate feeding regimes for
children with persistent diarrhoea? P
Fever
What are the appropriate antibiotics to treat in
typhoid fever? S
What is the most appropriate empiric therapy in
acute osteomyelitis? P
When should antibiotics be started in AOM? What
is the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy in AOM? P
What are appropriate antibiotics for acute
mastoiditis? P
What is the most appropriate management of
bleeding in dengue haemorrhagic fever? P
What is the management of the chronically
discharging ear? S
What is the role of ultrasound in children after
their first UTI? P
What is the utility of rapid reagent strips in
the diagnosis of meningitis?P
What is the most appropriate duration of therapy
needed in bacterial meningitis? S
Is dexamethasone effective in the treatment of
cryptococcal meningitis? P
Is dexamethasone effective in the treatment of
bacterial meningitis? S
Is dexamethasone effective in the treatment of
tuberculous meningitis? P
What is the most appropriate treatment of
convulsions in meningitis? S
What is the most appropriate antimicrobial
treatment of tuberculous meningitis? S
What is the evidence that BCG prevents
disseminated tuberculosis in children? P
What is the evidence that an infant dose of BCG
prevents tuberculosis as late as adolescence? P
What is the most appropriate antimicrobial
therapy in asymptomatic children with a strongly positive Mantoux? S
What is the evidence DOTS is an effective
eradication strategy for TB within a community? P
What are the treatment options for MDR TB in
children? P
What is the effectiveness of a "family orientated
approach" to contact tracing? P
Severe malnutrition
What is the evidence that use of standardized WHO
treatment of severe malnutrition lowers mortality? P
What is the evidence for giving broad-spectrum
antibiotics empirically in severe malnutrition? S
What is the evidence for potassium and magnesium
supplementation in severe malnutrition? P
Should mebendazole be used empirically in
children with malnutrition? P
Children with HIV/AIDS
What are the best clinical signs for diagnosis of
lymphoid interstitial pneumonia? P
What is the evidence for using steroids in
lymphoid interstitial pneumonia in HIV positive children? P
What is the most appropriate first-line treatment
for severe pneumonia in HIV-positive children? P
What is the optimal treatment for PCP?
P
What is the role of HIV antibody testing in
infants and young children? P
Is chest xray useful in diagnosing tuberculosis
in HIV positive children? P
What is the role of HIV antigen testing in
infants and young children? P
What immunisations should be given to
HIV-positive infants? P
What immunisations are appropriate for children
with symptomatic HIV/AIDS? P
Which HIV-positive children should receive
cotrimoxazole prophylaxis? P
What is the evidence for isoniazid prophylaxis in
HIV infected children? P
What is the most appropriate treatment for oral
candidiasis in HIV positive children? P
What is the most appropriate testing for HIV
under conditions of zidovudine prophylaxis? P
What is the most effective ARV regime in
children? P
In terms of ARV therapy, what are the predictors
of clinical response to treatment and treatment failure? P
In terms of ARV therapy, what are the
immunological predictors of response to treatment and treatment
failure? P
What is the risk of antiretroviral resistance
developing in children who develop HIV after exposure to
antiretrovirals as preventative treatment in utero or soon after birth?P
What are the adverse effects of ARV drugs in
children? P
What is the optimal chemoprophylaxis for
tuberculosis in HIV positive children? P
What is the evidence for the effectiveness of
antiretroviral
agents in asymptomatic HIV-infection in infants in developing
countries? P
What are the clinical indicators of HIV
infection in children? S
What pathogens cause chronic diarrhea in children
with HIV, and what is the optimal antimicrobial treatment? S
What is the utility of mantoux testing in HIV
positive children? P
What Mantoux (PPD) reaction indicates tuberculous
infection in HIV positive children? In HIV negative children?
P
What is the management of Kaposi Sarcoma in
children? P
What is the most appropriate antifungal therapy
for acute cryptococcal meningitis in HIV? P
What is the most appropriate maintenance
antimicrobial therapy in cryptococcal meningitis in HIV? P
What is the role of opioids in palliative care
for children with HIV? P
Common Surgical problems
What are appropriate dressings for burns in
children in developing countries? P
What are the indications for surgery in
necrotising enterocolitis P
What are the clinical indicators of
intussusception? P
What is the optimal duration of fasting prior to
surgery in infants and children over one year of age? P
In bowel-related sepsis what are the most
appropriate empiric antibiotics? P
What are the indications for surgery in typhoid
fever? P
What is the role of prophylactic antibiotics in
the management of burns? P
What is the role of topical antibiotics and
antiseptics in the management of burns? P
Supportive care
What is the value of using monitoring charts in
improving quality of hospital care? P
What is the evidence for using structured
critical care pathways for improving the quality of hospital care in
developing countries? P
what is the most appropriate pre-operative fluid
in pyloric stenosis? P
What is the evidence for playtherapy in illness
recovery in hospitalised children in developing countries? P
What are the appropriate musculoskeletal
indications for
physiotherapy in hospitalised children in developing countries?
P
What are the effective non-pharmacological
methods of pain control in hospitalised children? P
What is the evidence for using paracetamol as an
antipyretic agent in children with high fever? P
What is the evidence for the effectiveness of
nasal prongs, nasal catheters and nasopharyngeal catheters for
delivering oxygen, compared with other methods? P
What is the efficacy and safety of NG feeding in
children with respiratory distress? P
Miscellaneous
What is the evidence behind hand washing in the
prevention of nosocomial infection? P
What is the best treatment for Burkitt's lymphoma
in a resource poor setting? P
What is the evidence for emetic agents in the
management of poisoning? P
Are adjuvant therapies such as steroids, beta-2
agonists and theophylline efficacious in pertussis? P
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